Sunday, June 16, 2013

Dot Earth Blog: Why Colorado?s Fire Losses, Even with Global Warming, Need Not Be the ?New Normal?

11:53 a.m. | Updated below |
As Coloradans grappled with the impact of the state?s latest wildfire disaster, some writers were quick to call this ?the new normal? due to greenhouse-driven climate change.

Global warming is almost surely contributing to drought and heat in ways that exacerbate fire risk, but the prime driver of losses in these recent fires is a heavily subsidized burst of development in zones of implicit fire danger.

And assertions that such losses are the new normal distract from glaring opportunities to cut unnecessary (and costly) exposure to this danger in the West, even as the grander task of curbing emissions of greenhouse gases proceeds.

This Twitter item and the Storify post it links to provide my quick take on the prime lessons and opportunities related to Colorado?s latest fire:

I also discussed ways to cut vulnerability in hot spots for climate-related hazards, including wildfire hot zones, in my chat yesterday with David Roberts of Grist. Here?s my prime point (with relevant links):

We?ve grown our vulnerability at a pace far exceeding whatever forces climate change is exerting on the same scenarios. Whatever you do on carbon, job one right now is to get out of harm?s way, and especially to tweak those knobs where you know that policies are putting us there. There?s an economist in Colorado who proposed ending the mortgage deduction for second homes if a house is in a fire zone. I think it?s a great idea.

Here?s our talk (the relevant portion starts around the 13th minute, but I hope you take the time to watch the whole thing):

The following excerpts from an article I wrote for Outside Magazine (and a related Dot Earth post) on President Obama?s second-term opportunities for environmental progress are worth reposting:

Stop subsidizing the building boom in danger zones:

The president and Congress should?cut federal subsidies?that keep the price of insurance in some high-risk zones (flood plains, coastal areas threatened by rising seas, and regions prone to wildfires) artificially ? and disastrously ? low.

?If we had never created the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), the private market would be charging much higher premiums and it would be much more of a deterrent for people living in these places,? says Eileen Fretz, director of flood management at the non-profit,?American Rivers. While we?re not likely to completely end government-backed insurance, last June?Congress passed legislation?that cut NFIP funding for businesses, second homes, and repeat beneficiaries (that is, homes that flooded multiple times). This is a good start, but we need to do more: stop giving taxpayer protection, and indirectly encouraging development, to communities behind levees. We also need to actively protect our most valuable flood protection infrastructure ? wetlands, barrier islands, and dune beaches.

Similar opportunities lie in the nation?s wildfire ?red zones,? where the government is spending $3 billion a year on wildfire protection. ?We ain?t seen nothing yet,? says Ray Rasker, an economist and director of?Headwaters Economics. Only 16 percent of private wildland now has homes, he says. ?Put climate change on top of new development, and you have a crisis.? He suggests?cutting support for construction of at-risk homes, doing away with breaks like the federal mortgage tax deduction. [The rest.]

Here?s a bit more on this last point that didn?t make it into the piece but is worth adding here:

Given the disastrous impact of wildfires on communities from Texas to Colorado, President Obama can order a reexamination of forest management practices on federal lands that have resulted in huge accumulations of fuel for conflagrations. He can insure that federal agencies responsible for developing?codes for construction and materials?move ahead with plans for national codes and standards for building in what?s called the ?wildland-urban interface.? The standards would tighten depending on level of hazard determined through a ?fire exposure severity zoning system.?

I encourage you to explore the fantastic Headwaters Economics report and Web presentation on these issues here:

The Rising Cost of Wildfire Protection

Wildfires are becoming more severe and expensive. This report describes how the protection of homes in the Wildland-Urban Interface has added to these costs and concludes with a brief discussion of solutions that may help control escalating costs.

11:53 a.m. | Update | Chris Mehl of Headwaters Economics sent this helpful update on their analysis of fire risk in a warming climate:

We worked with a retired Congressional Research Staffer to produce a?backgrounder?on the rising cost of wildfire protection.

Wildfires are becoming more severe and expensive, and the report describes some of the causes of growing fire costs; along with how the protection of homes in the Wildland-Urban Interface has added to these costs.? It concludes with a brief discussion of solutions that may help control escalating costs.

Second, homes in the WUI drive wildfire suppression costs (not to mention safety concerns) and this?interactive map and tables?shows the level of WUI development at both county and state levels?and also what?s not developed in terms of future costs.

Third, following the drought/temp theme of your story we?ve looked at what higher temps mean for fires in three states:Montana, the California Sierra Nevada, and?Oregon. Details include:

  • A?Montana?report?found that, statewide, protecting homes from wildfires costs an average of $28 million annually. If development near fire-prone forests continues, costs to protect homes likely will rise to $40 million by 2025. A 1? F increase in summer temperatures would at least double home protection costs. Additional development and hotter summers combined could increase the annual cost to?exceed $80 million?by 2025.
  • Research in?California?s Sierra Nevada?found that rising average summer temperatures are strongly associated with an increase in acres burned. Within the study area, an annual increase in average summer temperature of 1? F is associated with a 35 percent growth in area burned.
  • An?Oregon?study?found that a rise in average summer temperature of 1? F is associated with an increase of 420 wildfires?a large effect given that, on average, 1,800 wildfires burn in?Oregon?per year.

These reports are part of our long-term commitment to better understand and address why wildfires are becoming more severe and expensive.? All of our wildfire research is summarized here.

More background:

?Climate change and wildfire: How vulnerable are we?? ? Max Moritz of the University of California, Berkeley, in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists last year

?Why People Keep Moving Into Fire-Prone Areas? ? Colorado Public Radio interview with Gregory Simon, University of Colorado, Denver.

A Twitter conversation with Phil Plait of Slate?s Bad Astronomy blog is worth a look.

9:49 a.m. | Addendum | After re-reading my published post, I changed the headline to ?Colorado?s Fire Losses? from ?Colorado?s Fires? because it?s the losses that can be sharply cut through various policy shifts, not necessarily the fires themselves (although many such fires are the result of human proximity to combustible forests and grasslands).

Source: http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/15/why-colorados-fires-even-with-global-warming-need-not-be-the-new-normal/?partner=rss&emc=rss

nba playoff schedule rondo morris claiborne clippers lisa lampanelli lisa lampanelli bronx zoo

Robert Pattinson Turns Up the Sexy in New Dior Ad!

The hunky Twilight star is the new face of Dior Homme fragrance! Check out more sizzling shots of the British babe. (You're welcome!)

Source: http://www.ivillage.com/twilights-robert-pattinson/1-b-21920?dst=iv%3AiVillage%3Atwilights-robert-pattinson-21920

hanukkah justin tv justin tv Sarah Savage Jaimie Alexander Army Navy Game john lennon

Thursday, June 13, 2013

Massive Bat Cave Stirs Texas-Size Debate Over Development

Millions of bats emerge from Bracken Cave, near San Antonio, in 2011. The cave is located in a rural area, but conservationists are worried that a planned housing development nearby will disturb the bat colony that lives here.

Eric Gay/AP

Millions of bats emerge from Bracken Cave, near San Antonio, in 2011. The cave is located in a rural area, but conservationists are worried that a planned housing development nearby will disturb the bat colony that lives here.

Eric Gay/AP

The Bracken Bat Cave, just north of San Antonio, is as rural as it gets. You have to drive down a long, 2-mile rocky road to reach it. There's nothing nearby ? no lights, no running water. The only thing you hear are the katydids.

The cave houses a massive bat colony, as it has for an estimated 10,000 years. Bat Conservation International, the group that oversees the Bracken Cave Reserve, wants it to stay secluded, but the area's rural nature could change if a local developer's plan moves forward.

Andy Walker, BCI's director, doesn't understand why there's any discussion about building a nearly 4,000-home subdivision right next door. The proposal, he says, "really instills an even deeper sense of stewardship for this land and these bats."

It's 100 degrees or so on a recent afternoon, and the hot air near the cave carries a pungent smell of ammonia ? bat waste. The cave is at the bottom of a valley and it has a wide, open mouth.

Around sundown, the first of 10 million bats begin to emerge from the cave. Thousands fly in a vortex in the valley at a time, forming a black streak over the sky. If you listen closely, you can hear their flapping wings, which sound like a steady, gently falling rain.

"This is really a ballet, watching these bats come out of this cave in these millions of numbers, never once bumping into each other," Walker says. He's worried about the fate of these bats if the housing project is approved.

The land for the proposed subdivision is just to the south, directly under the bats' typical flight path. San Antonio developer Brad Galo, who bought the property several years ago, had kept quiet about his plans. But they became public in March, when the San Antonio Water System board approved a contract for water and sewer service there.

Annalisa Peace, executive director of the Greater Edwards Aquifer Alliance, a group that fights for the area's underground water source, says the proposal is "crazy." She believes the subdivision will ruin a natural treasure.

"I can't tell you why they want to build over it, but I can tell you our aquifer is a world-class aquifer," Peace says. "It's amazingly prolific ... but that also makes it extraordinarily vulnerable to pollution."

Although the planned subdivision has its critics, the Water System's Greg Flores defends conservation efforts to keep the bats safe. He says the utility and the Aquifer Alliance have purchased hundreds of acres of land around the bat colony for conservation.

"There's been a lot of effort and there have been a lot of resources put into protecting this natural feature," Flores says.

One major consequence of the proposed development could be on Texas agriculture. Bracken Cave coordinator and tour guide Fran Hutchins says the bats, which eat tons of bugs, save farmers money.

"This colony alone is going to eat 100 tons of insects every night," Hutchins says. "Their primary food [is] agricultural pests, so those insects are very harmful to local farmers."

So far, no master plans have been submitted to San Antonio's development department, and Mayor Julian Castro says there's been no decision whether the housing project will move forward. "There is a science to figure out in terms of whether development would or would not actually harm the bats," Castro says.

Environmental advocates are taking Castro at his word. "You'd like to think, also because this is Texas, where there is a will, there is a way," says BCI's Walker. "And people have good horse sense here and we can figure out a solution to this."

But that delicate dance between progress and conservation may prove even more complicated than the nightly flight of the Bracken colony's bats.

Source: http://www.npr.org/2013/06/11/190736097/massive-bat-cave-stirs-texas-sized-debate-over-development?ft=1&f=1007

human nature arkansas football howard johnson levon helm firelight world peace elbow kevin love

Officials: Obama aides split on arming rebels

Secretary of State John Kerry gestures as he speaks during a joint news conference with British Foreign Secretary William Hague at the State Department in Washington, Wednesday, June 12, 2013. Kerry hosted a meeting with Hague, an ally equally unsure about what to do to end fighting in Syria that has now killed some 80,000 people. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

Secretary of State John Kerry gestures as he speaks during a joint news conference with British Foreign Secretary William Hague at the State Department in Washington, Wednesday, June 12, 2013. Kerry hosted a meeting with Hague, an ally equally unsure about what to do to end fighting in Syria that has now killed some 80,000 people. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

British Foreign Secretary William Hague speaks during a news conference with Secretary of State John Kerry at the State Departmet in Washington, Wednesday, June 12, 2013. Kerry hosted a meeting with Hague, an ally equally unsure about what to do to end fighting in Syria that has now killed some 80,000 people. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

Secretary of State John Kerry speaks during a media appearance with British Foreign Secretary William Hague, Wednesday, June 12, 2013, at the State Department in Washington. Kerry hosted a meeting with Hague, an ally equally unsure about what to do to end fighting in Syria that has now killed some 80,000 people. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

FILE - This Tuesday, June 4, 2013 file photo citizen journalism image provided by Edlib News Network, ENN, which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, shows Syrian rebels preparing to fire locally made rockets, in Idlib province, northern Syria. Rebels are pressing for a decision from the West on arming their forces to even their odds now that Lebanon's Hezbollah guerrillas are fighting alongside the regime. They are stepping up outreach to the West, warning that inaction will let al-Qaida-linked militants take the forefront in the rebellion or hand victory to Iran and Hezbollah. (AP Photo/Edlib News Network ENN, File)

(AP) ? Despite growing alarm over the Syrian government's military advances, Obama administration officials are split over whether to arm the country's rebel forces or make other military moves that would deepen U.S. involvement in the conflict.

President Barack Obama's top national security advisers met at the White House on Wednesday to air their differences. The administration's caution persists despite its nearly two-year-old demand that President Bashar Assad step down, its vows to help the besieged Syrian rebels on the ground and its threats to respond to any chemical weapons use.

U.S. officials had hoped this week to reach a decision on arming the rebels to halt the violence and motivate the government and the opposition to hold peace talks. But they are still uncertain whether that's the best way to reshape a war that now includes Hezbollah and Iranian fighters backing Assad's armed forces, and al-Qaida-linked extremists backing the rebellion.

"Nobody wins in Syria the way things are going," Secretary of State John Kerry told reporters Wednesday after meeting with British Foreign Secretary William Hague. "The people lose and Syria as a country loses. And what we have been pushing for, all of us involved in this effort, is a political solution that ends the violence, saves Syria, stops the killing and destruction of the entire nation."

Despite increased support in Congress and the administration for lethal aid, officials said those closest to the president are divided on whether to begin providing Syria's armed opposition with weapons or to consider more drastic steps such as using U.S. airpower to ground Assad's gunships and jets. The officials spoke ahead of Wednesday's meeting at the White House on condition of anonymity because they weren't authorized to speak publicly on the private talks. Kerry, too, said he wouldn't predict the outcome of the discussions.

Obama's moves throughout the 27-month civil war, from political support for the opposition to nonlethal aid for its more moderate fighters, have occurred in close concert with America's partners in Europe. All agree at this point that the efforts haven't done enough. After meeting Kerry at the State Department, Hague also stressed the need for a political solution to end the fighting that has now killed some 80,000 people, without outlining how his government might contribute.

Kerry, who postponed a trip this week to Israel and three other Mideast countries to participate in the White House talks, is believed to be among the most forward-leaning members of Obama's national security leadership. Since becoming America's top diplomat in February, he has spoken regularly about the need to change Assad's calculation that he can win the war militarily, if only to get him into serious discussions with the opposition about establishing a transitional government. Assad's stunning military success last week at Qusair, near the Lebanese border, and preparations for offensives against Homs and Aleppo have made the matter more urgent.

Obama was flying from Massachusetts to Florida on Wednesday and did not participate in Wednesday's meeting. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel, Joint Chiefs Chairman Gen. Martin Dempsey and several other top aides of the president were expected to attend.

Officials said some at the White House, the Pentagon and in the intelligence community remained hesitant about providing weapons, ammunition or other lethal support to a rebellion increasingly defined by extremists who, along with Assad, have turned a political insurrection into a sectarian war. Instead, they've focused on nonlethal support, such as Wednesday's decision by the Treasury Department to ease restrictions on Syrian telecommunications, agricultural and petroleum transactions that benefit the opposition.

"We have refocused our efforts on figuring out what to do to help the opposition on the ground," State Department spokeswoman Jen Psaki told reporters, citing the battle at Qusair as well as the influx of Lebanese Hezbollah and other foreign fighters as reasons for why the U.S. was rethinking its approach.

Even if nothing is decided this week, officials said the U.S., Britain and France, who together spearheaded the international intervention that helped overthrow Libya's Moammar Gadhafi in 2011, were trying to coordinate a common approach before Obama meets with his colleagues at next week's G-8 gathering of world leaders. Russian President Vladimir Putin, Assad's most powerful military and political backer, also will be present at the Northern Ireland summit.

White House press secretary Jay Carney would only say Wednesday that the U.S. was "constantly evaluating the situation in Syria and the options available."

Nothing, however, seems to be happening in Washington ? or in London or Paris ? fast enough to help Syria's rebels.

Desperate for weapons, even more so with an estimated 5,000 Hezbollah guerrillas propping up Assad's forces, the opposition is warning that Western inaction will mean that al-Qaida-linked and other militants will increasingly take over the rebellion.

On Wednesday, activists said Syrian rebels battled Shiites in a village in the country's east, killing more than 60 people, including civilians. Earlier this week, a 15-year-old boy was executed in public by Islamist rebel fighters in the city of Aleppo for taking the Muslim Prophet Muhammad's name in vain.

Finding a shared Syria strategy among the U.S., Britain and France is no easy matter. The British and French governments are at least as divided as the Americans on what is the best course of action and have told their fellow European Union members they won't send any arms to Syria before August. And British Prime Minister David Cameron has promised British lawmakers a House of Commons debate before any such action.

Approving lethal aid, however, brings with it an assortment of new challenges for the administration and its allies. They would then have to decide what weapons to provide, whom to give them to, what training to offer and who should do the training, U.S. and Western officials said. One Western official involved in strategy rejected the notion that weapons and ammunitions shortages were even the problem, citing poor military strategy and the inability of Syria's fractured opposition to coordinate effectively against Assad's more disciplined army.

___

Associated Press writer Lolita C. Baldor contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-06-12-US-Syria/id-cadd1c66bc14408e879d5b2b5176b990

la times heart attack grill KTLA Ash Wednesday 2013 ted nugent Pope Resigns westminster dog show

Tuesday, June 11, 2013

Sony PlayStation 4 price: $399

Sony PlayStation 4 price $399

Sony has finally revealed release information about its PlayStation 4 console: that it plays used, lent or rented games with no restrictions and its price: $399. That translates to 399 euros, and £349 where applicable, or if you missed it, $100, 100 euros and £70 less than what Microsoft just announced for the Xbox One. There's no specific release date or month yet, just "this holiday season" in the US and Europe. The official spec list confirms that for four bills, you get the system, a controller, USB, HDMI and power cables -- but no PlayStation 4 Eye.

So tell us, has this made your decision any easier? Pre-orders are open now.

Follow our liveblog for all of the latest news from E3 2013.

Filed under: , ,

Comments

Source: http://www.engadget.com/2013/06/10/sony-playstation-4-price/?utm_medium=feed&utm_source=Feed_Classic&utm_campaign=Engadget

election results Doug Martin Barack Obama & Joe Biden Am I registered to vote Voter registration Election Election results 2012

Monday, June 10, 2013

Lifespan-extending drug given late in life reverses age-related heart disease in mice: Rapamycin

June 10, 2013 ? Elderly mice suffering from age-related heart disease saw a significant improvement in cardiac function after being treated with the FDA-approved drug rapamycin for just three months. The research, led by a team of scientists at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, shows how rapamycin impacts mammalian tissues, providing functional insights and possible benefits for a drug that has been shown to extend the lifespan of mice as much as 14 percent.

There are implications for human health in the research appearing online in Aging Cell: heart disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S., claiming nearly 600,000 lives per year.

Researchers at the Mayo Clinic are currently recruiting seniors with cardiac artery disease for a clinical trial involving low dose treatment with rapamycin.

Rapamycin is an immunosuppressant drug which can be used to help prevent organ rejection after transplantation. It is also included in treatment regimens for some cancers. In this study, rapamycin was added to the diets of mice that were 24 months old -- the human equivalent of 70 to 75 years of age. Similar to humans, the aged mice exhibited enlarged hearts, a general thickening of the heart wall and a reduced efficiency in the hearts ability to pump blood.

The mice were examined with ultrasound echocardiography before and after the three-month treatment period -- using metrics closely paralleling those used in humans. Buck Institute faculty Simon Melov, PhD, the senior author of the study, said age-related cardiac dysfunction was either slowed or reversed in the treated mice. "When we measured the efficiency of how the heart pumps blood, the treated mice showed a remarkable improvement from where they started. In contrast, the untreated mice saw a general decline in pumping efficiency at the end of the same three month period," he said. "This study provides the first evidence that age-related heart dysfunction can be improved even in late life via appropriate drug treatment," added Melov, who said the treated mice saw a reduction in heart size, reduced stress signaling in heart tissues and a reduction in inflammation.

Buck researchers, utilizing genome analysis tools, uncovered suites of related genes which rapamycin modulates in the heart. "Rapamycin affected the expression of genes involved in calcium regulation, mitochondrial metabolism, hypertrophy and inflammation," said Melov. "We also carried out behavioral assessments which showed the treated mice spent more time on running wheels than the mice who aged without intervention."

"Little has been known about the functional ramifications of rapamycin in mammalian tissues," said Buck Institute President and CEO Brian Kennedy, PhD, a co-author of the paper. "These findings are significant because we have no interest in simply extending lifespan without an accompanying improvement in the health and quality of life." He added, "It is particularly encouraging that, in this case, an already-approved drug that extends lifespan also improved function late in life."

Chronic treatment with rapamycin has been problematic in both humans and mice; the drug has the potential to cause deleterious metabolic side effects including weight gain and glucose insensitivity. Melov said in this study, the drug had only mild transient metabolic effects. Future studies will focus on better understanding the molecular targets that drive age-related heart dysfunction, and why rapamycin treatment is so beneficial to the aging hearts.

Contributors to the work: Other Buck Institute researchers involved in the study include James Flynn, who wrote the manuscript, Monique O'Leary, Christopher Zambataro, Emmeline Academia, Michael Presley, Brittany Garrett, Artem Zykovich, Sean Mooney, and Pankaj Kapahi. Other researchers include Randy Strong, Department of Pharmacology and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UTHSC, San Antonio, TX; Clifford Rosen, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME; and Michael Nelson, Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA. This work was supported by the following grants from the USA National Institutes of Health: PO1 AG025901, RO1 AG033373, 1U01-AG022307, T32AG000266 and partial support from the Larry L. Hillblom Foundation Network Grant, the Ellison Medical Foundation and the Glenn Foundation for Medical Research.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/health_medicine/heart_disease/~3/TpR-CoKjgg0/130610132843.htm

whitney mercilus 2012 nfl draft picks andrew luck andrew luck trent richardson robert griffin iii dontari poe

Mysterious monument found beneath the Sea of Galilee

Mysterious monument found beneath the Sea of Galilee [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 10-Jun-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: George Hunka
ghunka@aftau.org
212-742-9070
American Friends of Tel Aviv University

Tel Aviv University research says unique structure is the product of skilled construction

The shores of the Sea of Galilee, located in the North of Israel, are home to a number of significant archaeological sites. Now researchers from Tel Aviv University have found an ancient structure deep beneath the waves as well.

Researchers stumbled upon a cone-shaped monument, approximately 230 feet in diameter, 39 feet high, and weighing an estimated 60,000 tons, while conducting a geophysical survey on the southern Sea of Galilee, reports Prof. Shmulik Marco of TAU's Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences. The team also included TAU Profs. Zvi Ben-Avraham and Moshe Reshef, and TAU alumni Dr. Gideon Tibor of the Oceanographic and Limnological Research Institute.

Initial findings indicate that the structure was built on dry land approximately 6,000 years ago, and later submerged under the water. Prof. Marco calls it an impressive feat, noting that the stones, which comprise the structure, were probably brought from more than a mile away and arranged according to a specific construction plan.

Dr. Yitzhak Paz of the Antiquities Authority and Ben-Gurion University says that the site, which was recently detailed in the International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, resembles early burial sites in Europe and was likely built in the early Bronze Age. He believes that there may be a connection to the nearby ancient city of Beit Yerah, the largest and most fortified city in the area.

Ancient structure revealed by sonar

The team of researchers initially set out to uncover the origins of alluvium pebbles found in this area of the Sea of Galilee, which they believe were deposited by the ancient Yavniel Creek, a precursor to the Jordan River south of the Sea of Galilee. While using sonar technology to survey the bottom of the lake, they observed a massive pile of stones in the midst of the otherwise smooth basin.

Curious about the unusual blip on their sonar, Prof. Marco went diving to learn more. A closer look revealed that the pile was not a random accumulation of stones, but a purposefully-built structure composed of three-foot-long volcanic stones called basalt. Because the closest deposit of the stone is more than a mile away, he believes that they were brought to the site specifically for this structure.

To estimate the age of the structure, researchers turned to the accumulation of sand around its base. Due to a natural build-up of sand throughout the years, the base is now six to ten feet below the bottom of the Sea of Galilee. Taking into account the height of the sand and the rate of accumulation, researchers deduced that the monument is several thousand years old.

Looking deeper

Next, the researchers plan to organize a specialized underwater excavations team to learn more about the origins of the structure, including an investigation of the surface the structure was built on. A hunt for artefacts will help to more accurately date the monument and give clues as to its purpose and builders. And while it is sure to interest archaeologists, Prof. Marco says that the findings could also illuminate the geological history of the region.

"The base of the structure which was once on dry land is lower than any water level that we know of in the ancient Sea of Galilee. But this doesn't necessarily mean that water levels have been steadily rising," he says. Because the Sea of Galilee is a tectonically active region, the bottom of the lake, and therefore the structure, may have shifted over time. Further investigation is planned to increase the understanding of past tectonic movements, the accumulation of sediment, and the changing water levels throughout history.

###

American Friends of Tel Aviv University supports Israel's leading, most comprehensive and most sought-after center of higher learning. Independently ranked 94th among the world's top universities for the impact of its research, TAU's innovations and discoveries are cited more often by the global scientific community than all but 10 other universities.

Internationally recognized for the scope and groundbreaking nature of its research and scholarship, Tel Aviv University consistently produces work with profound implications for the future.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Mysterious monument found beneath the Sea of Galilee [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 10-Jun-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: George Hunka
ghunka@aftau.org
212-742-9070
American Friends of Tel Aviv University

Tel Aviv University research says unique structure is the product of skilled construction

The shores of the Sea of Galilee, located in the North of Israel, are home to a number of significant archaeological sites. Now researchers from Tel Aviv University have found an ancient structure deep beneath the waves as well.

Researchers stumbled upon a cone-shaped monument, approximately 230 feet in diameter, 39 feet high, and weighing an estimated 60,000 tons, while conducting a geophysical survey on the southern Sea of Galilee, reports Prof. Shmulik Marco of TAU's Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences. The team also included TAU Profs. Zvi Ben-Avraham and Moshe Reshef, and TAU alumni Dr. Gideon Tibor of the Oceanographic and Limnological Research Institute.

Initial findings indicate that the structure was built on dry land approximately 6,000 years ago, and later submerged under the water. Prof. Marco calls it an impressive feat, noting that the stones, which comprise the structure, were probably brought from more than a mile away and arranged according to a specific construction plan.

Dr. Yitzhak Paz of the Antiquities Authority and Ben-Gurion University says that the site, which was recently detailed in the International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, resembles early burial sites in Europe and was likely built in the early Bronze Age. He believes that there may be a connection to the nearby ancient city of Beit Yerah, the largest and most fortified city in the area.

Ancient structure revealed by sonar

The team of researchers initially set out to uncover the origins of alluvium pebbles found in this area of the Sea of Galilee, which they believe were deposited by the ancient Yavniel Creek, a precursor to the Jordan River south of the Sea of Galilee. While using sonar technology to survey the bottom of the lake, they observed a massive pile of stones in the midst of the otherwise smooth basin.

Curious about the unusual blip on their sonar, Prof. Marco went diving to learn more. A closer look revealed that the pile was not a random accumulation of stones, but a purposefully-built structure composed of three-foot-long volcanic stones called basalt. Because the closest deposit of the stone is more than a mile away, he believes that they were brought to the site specifically for this structure.

To estimate the age of the structure, researchers turned to the accumulation of sand around its base. Due to a natural build-up of sand throughout the years, the base is now six to ten feet below the bottom of the Sea of Galilee. Taking into account the height of the sand and the rate of accumulation, researchers deduced that the monument is several thousand years old.

Looking deeper

Next, the researchers plan to organize a specialized underwater excavations team to learn more about the origins of the structure, including an investigation of the surface the structure was built on. A hunt for artefacts will help to more accurately date the monument and give clues as to its purpose and builders. And while it is sure to interest archaeologists, Prof. Marco says that the findings could also illuminate the geological history of the region.

"The base of the structure which was once on dry land is lower than any water level that we know of in the ancient Sea of Galilee. But this doesn't necessarily mean that water levels have been steadily rising," he says. Because the Sea of Galilee is a tectonically active region, the bottom of the lake, and therefore the structure, may have shifted over time. Further investigation is planned to increase the understanding of past tectonic movements, the accumulation of sediment, and the changing water levels throughout history.

###

American Friends of Tel Aviv University supports Israel's leading, most comprehensive and most sought-after center of higher learning. Independently ranked 94th among the world's top universities for the impact of its research, TAU's innovations and discoveries are cited more often by the global scientific community than all but 10 other universities.

Internationally recognized for the scope and groundbreaking nature of its research and scholarship, Tel Aviv University consistently produces work with profound implications for the future.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-06/afot-mmf061013.php

maya angelou joan of arc tony robbins bon iver abraham lincoln vampire hunter their eyes were watching god lara logan